When adjusted for monetary inflation, it is still the highest-grossing film in history. The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War. The Old Mill Park, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. The original screenplay was written by Sidney Howard and underwent many revisions by several writers in an attempt to reduce it to a suitable length. She has vitality. [55] Of Clark Gable's performance as Rhett Butler, Flinn felt the characterization was "as close to Miss Mitchell's conception—and the audience's—as might be imagined",[53] a view which Nugent concurred with,[51] although Hoellering felt that Gable didn't quite convince in the closing scenes, as Rhett walks out on Scarlett in disgust. They acted scenes based on Sidney Howard's original script which needed to be rewritten in a hurry. Was this review helpful to you? Comedy, Certificate: Passed [28][nb 4], Although legend persists that the Hays Office fined Selznick $5,000 for using the word "damn" in Butler's exit line, in fact the Motion Picture Association board passed an amendment to the Production Code on November 1, 1939, that forbade use of the words "hell" or "damn" except when their use "shall be essential and required for portrayal, in proper historical context, of any scene or dialogue based upon historical fact or folklore ... or a quotation from a literary work, provided that no such use shall be permitted which is intrinsically objectionable or offends good taste". ‘Gone with the Wind’ is the highest-grossing film in history (adjusted for inflation), and has been re-released on several occasions over the decades. [52] Flinn also found Leigh suited to the role physically and felt she was best in the scenes where she displays courage and determination, such as the escape from Atlanta and when Scarlett kills a Yankee deserter. This historical novel features a coming-of-age story, with the title taken from the poe… As the O'Haras work in the cotton fields, Scarlett's father attempts to chase away a carpetbagger from his land but is thrown from his horse and killed. Scarlett was based on the novel by Alexandra Ripley, itself a sequel to Mitchell's book. It generated a box-office gross of $68 million, making it MGM's most lucrative picture after Doctor Zhivago from the latter half of the decade. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. The next day, Rhett apologizes for his behavior and offers Scarlett a divorce, which she rejects, saying that it would be a disgrace. [5] Sources at the time put the estimated production costs at $3.85 million, making it the second most expensive film made up to that point, with only Ben-Hur (1925) having cost more. Though Gone With The Wind was released generations before my time, I love vintage cinema and purchased the movie from Amazon tonight after HBO Max's decision to remove the movie from viewing based on John Ridley's recommendation; read his gripping book “12 Years of Slaves,” wonderfully written. It set records for the total number of wins and nominations at the time. [12] Goddard almost won the role, but controversy over her marriage with Charlie Chaplin caused Selznick to change his mind. Scarlett learns that her secret crush Ashley Wilkes is to be married to his cousin, Melanie Hamilton. [54] Likewise, Hoellering also found the second half of the film to be weaker than the first half: identifying the Civil War to be the driving force of the first part while the characters dominate in the second part, he concluded this is where the main fault of the picture lay, commenting that "the characters alone do not suffice". [62] Even so, some sections of the black community recognized McDaniel's achievements to be representative of progression: some African-Americans crossed picket lines and praised McDaniel's warm and witty characterization, and others hoped that the industry's recognition of her work would lead to increased visibility on screen for other black actors. [63] Carlton Moss, a black dramatist, observed in an open letter that whereas The Birth of a Nation was a "frontal attack on American history and the Negro people", Gone with the Wind was a "rear attack on the same". But if it's only a great picture, I'll still be satisfied. – #31, "As God is my witness, I'll never be hungry again." Certificate: Passed For the role of Rhett Butler, Selznick wanted Clark Gable from the start, but Gable was under contract to MGM, which never loaned him to other studios. [119][120] The scene begins with Scarlett and Rhett at the bottom of the staircase, where he begins to kiss her, refusing to be told 'no' by the struggling Scarlett;[121][122] Rhett overcomes her resistance and carries her up the stairs to the bedroom,[121][122] where the audience is left in no doubt that she will "get what's coming to her". Directed by Victor Fleming, George Cukor, Sam Wood. Steiner spent twelve weeks working on the score, the longest period that he had ever spent writing one, and at two hours and thirty-six minutes long it was also the longest that he had ever written. Another [24] Vivien Leigh and Olivia de Havilland learned of Cukor's firing on the day the Atlanta bazaar scene was filmed, and the pair went to Selznick's office in full costume and implored him to change his mind. However, Selznick changed his mind after his story editor Kay Brown and business partner John Hay Whitney urged him to buy the film rights. McDaniel responded that she would "rather make seven hundred dollars a week playing a maid than seven dollars being one"; she further questioned White's qualification to speak on behalf of blacks, since he was light-skinned and only one-eighth black. Selznick began a nationwide casting call that interviewed 1,400 unknowns. Anyone studying movie-writing should check this adaptation of the book. [59] The running time for Gone with the Wind is just under 221 minutes, while Lawrence of Arabia (1962) runs for just over 222 minutes; however, including the overture, intermission, entr'acte, and exit music, Gone with the Wind lasts for 234 minutes (although some sources put its full length at 238 minutes) while Lawrence of Arabia comes in slightly shorter at 232 minutes with its additional components. In 1975, her brother, Stephens Mitchell (who assumed control of her estate), authorized a sequel that would be jointly produced by MGM and Universal Studios on a budget of $12 million. It's like a perfect summarized soap opera. It enjoyed a more-than-30-year reign as the all-time Hollywood box office champion, and it won eight Academy Awards (in addition to two honorary awards). Get a sneak peek of the new version of this page. [8][9][10], Many famous—or soon-to-be-famous—actresses were considered, but only thirty-one women were actually screen-tested for Scarlett including Ardis Ankerson, Jean Arthur, Tallulah Bankhead, Diana Barrymore, Joan Bennett, Nancy Coleman, Frances Dee, Ellen Drew (as Terry Ray), Paulette Goddard, Susan Hayward (under her real name of Edythe Marrenner), Vivien Leigh, Anita Louise, Haila Stoddard, Margaret Tallichet, Lana Turner and Linda Watkins. But Gone With the Wind is perhaps not that interesting a test case. It won for Best Picture, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Editing, and received two further honorary awards for its use of equipment and color (it also became the first color film to win Best Picture). Only Leslie Howard and Victor Fleming chose not to attend: Howard had returned to England due to the outbreak of World War II, and Fleming had fallen out with Selznick and declined to attend any of the premieres. After a deal was struck with MGM, Selznick held discussions with Norma Shearer—who was MGM's top female star at the time—but she withdrew herself from consideration. "John Ridley: Why HBO Max should remove 'Gone With the Wind' for now", "HBO Max Temporarily Removes 'Gone With the Wind' From Library", "HBO Max Silently Removes Gone With The Wind", "HBO Max Removes 'Gone With the Wind' From Streaming Platform, Says Film Will Return With "Discussion Of Its Historical Context, "Gone With the Wind Should Not Be Erased, Argue Film Historians. Selznick refused to let us eat lunch, arguing that food would slow us up. [81] The film was phenomenally successful in Western Europe too, generating approximately 35 million tickets in the United Kingdom and over 16 million in France, respectively becoming the biggest and sixth-biggest ticket-sellers in those markets. [42][43], In 2013, a 4K digital restoration was released in the United Kingdom to coincide with Vivien Leigh's centenary. Carl E. Milliken, secretary of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association, estimated that The Birth of a Nation had been seen by fifty million people by 1930. HBO Max Brings 'Gone with the Wind' Back to Streaming with Disclaimer Videos Related 'The Falcon and the Winter Soldier:' Everything You Need to Know … Reynolds likened Gone with the Wind to The Birth of a Nation and other re-imaginings of the South during the era of segregation, in which white Southerners are portrayed as defending traditional values, and the issue of slavery is largely ignored. The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era. Melanie, however, stands by Scarlett. When and where does the movie take place? Shortly after Frank's funeral, Rhett proposes to Scarlett and she accepts. [19] The film was used to launch two cable channels owned by Turner Broadcasting System, Turner Network Television (1988) and Turner Classic Movies (1994). [86], The film remains immensely popular with audiences into the 21st century, having been voted the most popular film in two nationwide polls of Americans undertaken by Harris Interactive in 2008, and again in 2014. Selznick hired Susan Myrick (an expert on Southern speech, manners and customs recommended to him by Mitchell) and Will A. Scarlett does not know he is in the room when she pleads with Ashley to choose her instead of Melanie. [100] Gone with the Wind was one of the first twenty-five films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress in 1989 for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". [103] David Reynolds wrote that "The white women are elegant, their menfolk are noble or at least dashing. Hecht was in the middle of working on the film At the Circus for the Marx Brothers. [101][102], Gone with the Wind has been criticized as having perpetuated Civil War myths and black stereotypes. [123], Molly Haskell has argued that, nevertheless, women are mostly uncritical of the scene, and that by and large it is consistent with what women have in mind if they fantasize about being raped. [91][92] Both Schickel and Andrew Sarris identify the film's main failing is in possessing a producer's sensibility rather than an artistic one: having gone through so many directors and writers the film does not carry a sense of being "created" or "directed", but rather having emerged "steaming from the crowded kitchen", where the main creative force was a producer's obsession in making the film as literally faithful to the novel as possible. [71][78] Including its $6.7 million rental from the 1961 reissue,[79] it was the fourth highest-earner of the decade in the North American market, with only The Sound of Music, The Graduate and Doctor Zhivago making more for their distributors. Leigh's American agent was the London representative of the Myron Selznick talent agency (headed by David Selznick's brother, one of the owners of Selznick International), and she had requested in February that her name be submitted for consideration as Scarlett. [41] For its 1967 re-release, the film was blown up to 70mm,[9] and issued with updated poster artwork featuring Gable—with his white shirt ripped open—holding Leigh against a backdrop of orange flames. He went on to characterize it as a "nostalgic plea for sympathy for a still living cause of Southern reaction". [16][17], Of the original screenplay writer, Sidney Howard, film historian Joanne Yeck writes, "reducing the intricacies of Gone with the Wind's epic dimensions was a herculean task ... and Howard's first submission was far too long, and would have required at least six hours of film; ... [producer] Selznick wanted Howard to remain on the set to make revisions ... but Howard refused to leave New England [and] as a result, revisions were handled by a host of local writers". Scarlett learns that her mother has just died of typhoid fever and her father has lost his mind. Rhett and Scarlett have a daughter whom Rhett names Bonnie Blue, but Scarlett still pines for Ashley and, chagrined at the perceived ruin of her figure, refuses to have any more children or share a bed with Rhett. It became the highest-earning film made up to that point, and held the record for over a quarter of a century. Our editors have rounded up their most anticipated horror movies of the year. The casting was widely praised, and many reviewers found Leigh especially suited to her role as Scarlett. Set in the American South against the backdrop of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era, the film tells the story of Scarlett O'Hara, the strong-willed daughter of a Georgia plantation owner. [106], Thomas Cripps reasons that in some respects, the film undercuts racial stereotypes;[107] in particular, the film created greater engagement between Hollywood and black audiences,[107] with dozens of films making small gestures in recognition of the emerging trend. It was costing Selznick $50,000 each day the film was on hold waiting for a final screenplay rewrite and time was of the essence. [40] There were further re-releases in 1971, 1974 and 1989; for the fiftieth anniversary reissue in 1989, it was given a complete audio and video restoration. "[114] The film's removal sparked a debate about political correctness going too far, with film critics and historians criticising HBO over potential censorship. Gone With the Wind is a representation of the worst myths America still holds about itself. [94] Schlesinger notes that the first half of the film does have a "sweep and vigor" that aspire to its epic theme, but—finding agreement with the film's contemporary criticisms—the personal lives take over in the second half, and it ends up losing its theme in unconvincing sentimentality. In 1861, on the eve of the American Civil War, Scarlett O'Hara lives at Tara, her family's cotton plantation in Georgia, with her parents and two sisters and their many slaves. Although the film has been criticized as historical negationism glorifying slavery, it has been credited with triggering changes in the way in which African Americans are depicted cinematically. Gone with the Wind the novel, despite its repugnant racism, is actually a sophisticated and surprisingly modern take on gender politics that features a complex female protagonist. He provided bananas and salted peanuts ... thus on the seventh day I had completed, unscathed, the first nine reels of the Civil War epic. [52], Much of the praise was reserved for the casting, with Vivien Leigh in particular being singled out for her performance as Scarlett. [92], The critical perception of the film has shifted in the intervening years, which resulted in it being ranked 235th in Sight & Sound's prestigious decennial critics poll in 2012,[95] and in 2015 sixty-two international film critics polled by the BBC voted it the 97th best American film. [105], W. Bryan Rommel Ruiz has argued that despite factual inaccuracies in its depiction of the Reconstruction period, Gone with the Wind reflects contemporary interpretations of it that were common in the early 20th century. Despite many excellent scenes, he considered the drama to be unconvincing and that the "psychological development" had been neglected. In 1989, the United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. Gone With the Wind Museum Click here for more information. Filming was delayed for two years because of Selznick's determination to secure Gable for the role of Rhett Butler, and the "search for Scarlett" led to 1,400 women being interviewed for the part. [8][9][10] Four actresses, including Jean Arthur and Joan Bennett, were still under consideration by December 1938; however, only two finalists, Paulette Goddard and Vivien Leigh, were tested in Technicolor, both on December 20. By the summer of 1938 the Selznicks were negotiating with Alexander Korda, to whom Leigh was under contract, for her services later that year. In 1989, the film was selected for preservation at the USA’s National Film Registry. A deal was struck in which the rights were returned to Turner Entertainment and CBS's broadcast rights to The Wizard of Oz were extended. Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936. When the title appeared on the screen the audience cheered, and after it had finished it received a standing ovation. At the Capitol Theatre in New York alone, it averaged eleven thousand admissions per day in late December,[37] and within four years of its release had sold an estimated sixty million tickets across the United States—sales equivalent to just under half the population at the time. [115] Following the film's removal, it reached the top of Amazon's best-sellers sales chart for TV and films, and fifth place on Apple's iTunes Store film chart. The original director, George Cukor, was fired shortly after filming began and was replaced by Fleming, who in turn was briefly replaced by Sam Wood while Fleming took some time off due to exhaustion. In the long-awaited sequel to Gone With the Wind, Scarlett's flight from the scrutiny of Atlanta society takes her on a journey to Savannah and Charleston, to England, and to Ireland, where she discovers her family's roots. [91] Stanley Kauffmann, likewise, also found the film to be a largely forgettable experience, claiming he could only remember two scenes vividly. As of the end of principal photography, Cukor had undertaken eighteen days of filming, Fleming ninety-three, and Wood twenty-four. It was the climax of three days of festivities hosted by Mayor William B. Hartsfield, which included a parade of limousines featuring stars from the film, receptions, thousands of Confederate flags, and a costume ball. [35] President Jimmy Carter later recalled it as "the biggest event to happen in the South in my lifetime". [9] By this time, Selznick was determined to get Gable and in August 1938 he eventually struck a deal with his father-in-law, MGM chief Louis B. Mayer: MGM would provide Gable and $1,250,000 for half of the film's budget, and in return, Selznick would have to pay Gable's weekly salary; half the profits would go to MGM while Loew's, Inc—MGM's parent company—would release the film. [25] Most of the filming was done on "the back forty" of Selznick International with all the location scenes being photographed in California, mostly in Los Angeles County or neighboring Ventura County. Scarlett is a woman who can deal with a nation at war, Atlanta burning, the Union Army carrying off everything from her beloved Tara, the carpetbaggers who arrive after the war. Gone with the Wind (1939) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. The story of T.E. GIFT SHOP: Check out our online gift shop for unique Gone with the Wind items! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Hecht returned to Howard's original draft and by the end of the week had succeeded in revising the entire first half of the script. The tide of war turns against the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which many of the men of Scarlett's town are killed. When Rhett returns from an extended trip to London, Scarlett informs him that she is pregnant, but an argument ensues which results in her falling down a flight of stairs and suffering a miscarriage. One of the questions which was explored by the exhibit was "How True to Life Were the Slaves in GWTW?" While I admire the craft that went into making a film of this scale, especially in 1939, it simply does not feature any art to it. It was released theatrically one more time in the United States, in 1998 by Time Warner owned New Line Cinema. [91][93], Sarris concedes that despite its artistic failings, the film does hold a mandate around the world as the "single most beloved entertainment ever produced". Once out of the city, Rhett chooses to go off to fight, leaving Scarlett to make her own way back to Tara. As she is recovering, tragedy strikes when Bonnie dies while attempting to jump a fence with her pony. Offhand I doubt that there are ten original words of [Oliver] Garrett's in the whole script. [110], On June 9, 2020, the film was removed from HBO Max amid the George Floyd protests as well as in response to an op-ed written by screenwriter John Ridley that was published in that day's edition of the Los Angeles Times, which called for the streaming service to temporarily remove the film from its content library. Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film adapted from the 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell. A spokesperson for HBO Max, which like CNN is owned by WarnerMedia, told CNN Business that "Gone with the Wind" is "a product of its time and depicts some … “[Gone With the Wind] is a film that, when it is not ignoring the horrors of slavery, pauses only to perpetuate some of the most painful stereotypes of people of color,” Ridley wrote. [51] Hattie McDaniel's performance as Mammy was singled out for praise by many critics: Nugent believed she gave the best performance in the film after Vivien Leigh,[51] with Flinn placing it third after Leigh's and Gable's performances. [65] The film has been described as a "regression" that promotes both the myth of the black rapist and the honorable and defensive role of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction,[104] and as a "social propaganda" film offering a "white supremacist" view of the past. The effort cost $100,000 and proved useless for the main objective of casting the role, but created "priceless" publicity. The leading roles are played by Vivien Leigh (Scarlett), Clark Gable (Rhett), Leslie Howard (Ashley), and Olivia de Havilland (Melanie). In a bid to arouse jealousy in Ashley, Scarlett marries Melanie's younger brother Charles before he leaves to fight. [52] Of the other principal cast members, both Hoellering and Flinn found Leslie Howard to be "convincing" as the weak-willed Ashley, with Flinn identifying Olivia de Havilland as a "standout" as Melanie;[52][53] Nugent was also especially taken with de Havilland's performance, describing it as a "gracious, dignified, tender gem of characterization". Harboring an intense dislike of Scarlett, India eagerly spreads rumors. Moss further called out the stereotypical black characterizations, such as the "shiftless and dull-witted Pork", the "indolent and thoroughly irresponsible Prissy", Big Sam's "radiant acceptance of slavery", and Mammy with her "constant haranguing and doting on every wish of Scarlett". [103], From 1972 to 1996, the Atlanta Historical Society held a number of Gone with the Wind exhibits, among them a 1994 exhibit which was titled, "Disputed Territories: Gone with the Wind and Southern Myths". The Gone With The Wind narrative, along with the accolades it has received, makes for a perfect American metaphor. An estimated three hundred thousand Atlanta residents and visitors lined the streets for seven miles to view the procession of limousines that brought stars from the airport. [49][50], The film debuted on videocassette in March 1985, where it placed second in the sales charts,[19] and has since been released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats. Gone With The Wind is the definition of a studio movie. Production was difficult from the start. [46][19][47] Other cable channels also broadcast the film during June. [10][19] It eventually opened in Japan in September 1952 and became the highest-grossing foreign film there. Scarlett and Rhett visit Melanie, who has suffered complications arising from a new pregnancy, on her deathbed. He hated [leaving the production] very much he said but he could not do otherwise. [28][34] Hattie McDaniel was also absent, as she and the other black cast members were prevented from attending the premiere due to Georgia's Jim Crow laws, which kept them from sitting with their white colleagues. [19], "By the time of the film's release in 1939, there was some question as to who should receive screen credit", writes Yeck. Following the death of Olivia de Havilland—who played Melanie Hamilton—in July 2020 at the age of 104, the only surviving credited cast member from the film is Mickey Kuhn, who played Ashley and Melanie's son, Beau. Until her death in 1949, Mitchell continued to resist pressure to write a sequel from Selznick and MGM. A New York City advertising executive goes on the run after being mistaken for a government agent by a group of foreign spies. This section showed that slave experiences were diverse and as a result, it concluded that the "happy darky" was a myth, as was the belief that all slaves experienced violence and brutality. Rhett Butler. Recalling the episode in a letter to screenwriter friend Gene Fowler, he said he hadn't read the novel but Selznick and director Fleming could not wait for him to read it. [9][nb 3] Selznick and Cukor had already disagreed over the pace of filming and the script,[9][22] but other explanations put Cukor's departure down to Gable's discomfort at working with him. The barbecue is disrupted by news of the declaration of war, and the men rush to enlist. [96], The film has featured in several high-profile industry polls: in 1977 it was voted the most popular film by the American Film Institute (AFI), in a poll of the organization's membership;[9] the AFI also ranked the film fourth on its "100 Greatest Movies" list in 1998,[97] with it slipping down to sixth place in the tenth anniversary edition in 2007. Director George Cukor, with whom Selznick had a long working relationship and who had spent almost two years in pre-production on Gone with the Wind, was replaced after less than three weeks of shooting. Price to coach the actors on speaking with a Southern drawl. [53], At the 12th Academy Awards, Gone with the Wind set a record for Academy Award wins and nominations, winning in eight of the competitive categories it was nominated in, from a total of thirteen nominations. [39], A 1961 release of the film commemorated the centennial anniversary of the start of the Civil War, and it also included a gala "premiere" at the Loew's Grand Theater. Click here to see more. It was re-released periodically throughout the 20th century and became ingrained in popular culture. Having realized that it was him she truly loved all along, and not Ashley, Scarlett pleads with Rhett to stay, but he rebuffs her and walks away into the morning fog. 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